Definition and Significance of Costs : What is cost? A cost unit, A cost centre, cost accounting, management accounting, cost or management accountancy, opportunity cost, source of definitions.

Cost Classifications: Ways of classifying costs, By the nature of the item, by the function referred to, in relation to product, In relation to their tendency to vary with production, In relation to cost centres.

Examples of cost classification, Excise on cost classification, costing methods, job, batch or contract costing, process costing, standard costing, marginal costing.

Calculating the cost of Products : Distribution of overheads, procedure for the distribution of overheads, bases of appointment. absorption of overheads, selling-distribution and administrative overheads, examples of overhead distribution, overhead distribution on historical costs, overhead distribution on budgeting costs.

Determining Profitability : Production –profit relationship, break-even chart, cash break even chart, statistical separation of fixed and variable costs, methods of separation, examples, contribution analysis.

Marginal Costing : Significance of marginal costing, definition of marginal cost, illustration of marginal cost, use of marginal costing, examples for the use of marginal costing, marginal costing for export decision, marginal costing for selling decision, marginal costing for manufacturing decision, marginal costing for make or buy decision.

Cost Control : Means of Control, standard costing, definition and significance of standard cost, variance analysis, examples of variance analysis. Ratio Analysis: Ratios for general management, examples for use of ratio’s, cost accounting system, cost collection, cost analysis, cost control.

Pricing Policy : Pricing in theory and practice, price factors, controllable price factors, independent price factors, Pricing alternatives, cost-oriented pricing, Full cost pricing, direct cost pricing, marginal cost pricing, break even pricing, market-oriented pricing, demand oriented pricing, competition oriented pricing, going rate pricing, sealed bid pricing.

Determining Export Prices : : Information requirements for export pricing, type of information required,
(a) Costs: Factory costs, selling and distribution costs and margins, cost of marketing support and development, administrative costs
(b) Foreign markets: The size and nature of demand and the nature and extent of competition, the prices in market.

Checklist of information required: on competition, information on prices, information on production and costs, information on revenue and profits.

Export Costing Sheet : Use of export costing sheet, quotation record, sources of information, weights and measures, examples of quotation, weights and measures, calculating the CIF price, exercise in export quotation.

Marginal Costing : Significance of marginal costing, definition of marginal cost, illustration of marginal cost, use of marginal costing, examples for the use of marginal costing, marginal costing for export decision, marginal costing for selling decision, marginal costing for manufacturing decision, marginal costing for make or buy decision.

Cost Control : Means of Control, standard costing, definition and significance of standard cost, variance analysis, examples of variance analysis. Ratio Analysis: Ratios for general management, examples for use of ratio’s, cost accounting system, cost collection, cost analysis, cost control.

Meaning and Definition, principle of comparative advantage, difference between domestic marketing and International marketing, requirements of International marketing, difficulties of international marketing, barriers to International marketing, Tariff and Non Tariff Barriers, International Marketing environment, social and cultural variable, International Marketing Decisions, Criteria for selection of target markets, market entry decisions, joint ventures and their advantages, International marketing mix decision, product mix decision, product design and packaging, International marketing research, research strategy desk research and field research, investigation for market potential, WTO regulations, Liberalization of global trade, etc.

Guidelines for new exporters, Indian products having export potential – markets & products – Product & Markets, Trade informations, Guideline for making offer and negotiations. Methods of payment in exports, Credit insurance uniform, rules for collection of payments, letter of credit and uniform customs and practices, Practical exercises on Letter of Credit, Docdex rules for disputes under letter of credit. Disputes in International trade, role of Indian council of Arbitration and Role of International Chamber of Commerce, Export Finance/Credit from banks, packing Credit, Post shipment credit, Financing under letter of credit, etc, Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) to Exports – Foreign Currency Account, Foreign realizations, discounts, commissions, Foreign Exchange for travel abroad, payments under Asian clearing union. Export of goods and services against repayment of state credits granted by Russia (erstwhile Soviet Union) GR form procedure, etc. Export Inspection, Conditions for certification and exemption, independent inspection agencies , ISO-9000 requirements, Shipment of export goods, customs procedure, Marine Insurance, Types of policies, endorsements, other clauses, Insurance purchased by importer, Filing claims, etc. Export of Central Excise goods under claim of rebate of duty or bond, Cenvat conditions for export and import rules, duty drawback under section 75 of Customs Act on export goods, claiming of duty drawback with or without availing CENVAT. Imports-General rules – Export Promotion Capital goods scheme under 5% duty and export obligation fulfillment, duty exemption/remission scheme, advance licence, duty free replenishment certificate, DEPB Scheme, Diamonds, Gem & Jewellery Export Promotion Schemes, Deemed Exports, Third Party Exports. Export Regulations conditions, import of exported goods, export of spares, export/trading/star/super star trading houses, Imports and Customs Duties, Valuation of imported goods by Customs under WTO rules, Valuation Calculations by Indian Customs, Abatement/Remission of duties, Foreign Exchange Management Act on Imports, Advance remittance for imports, Remittances towards call-back services, precautions for handling import documents. Infosy’s informations w.r.t. exports/imports.